Indian baby boy names list excel file. Unknowns: (ŭn″nōnz′) In hypnotherapy those feelings, ideas, or images that are unfamiliar to a person and therefore potentially frightening, hazardous, or uncomfortable.
- 347.2k Followers, 200 Following, 22 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Unknown T (@unknwnt9).
- Unknown definition is - not known or not well-known; also: having an unknown value. How to use unknown in a sentence.
- Unknown definition: 1. Not known or familiar: 2. What is not familiar or known: 3. A person, especially a performer.
- Unknown is a 2011 action-thriller film directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and starring Liam Neeson, Diane Kruger, January Jones, Aidan Quinn, Bruno Ganz, and Frank Langella.
Unknown | |
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Directed by | Jaume Collet-Serra |
Produced by |
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Written by | |
Based on | Out of My Head by Didier Van Cauwelaert |
Starring | |
Music by | |
Cinematography | Flavio Labiano |
Edited by | Timothy Alverson |
Production company | |
Distributed by | Warner Bros. Pictures[1] |
Release date |
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113 minutes | |
Country |
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Language | English[1] |
Budget | $30[3]–40[4] million |
Box office | $136.1 million[5] |
Unknown is a 2011 action-thriller film directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and starring Liam Neeson, Diane Kruger, January Jones, Aidan Quinn, Bruno Ganz, and Frank Langella.[6] The film, produced by Joel Silver, Leonard Goldberg and Andrew Rona, is based on the 2003 French novel by Didier Van Cauwelaert published in English as Out of My Head which was adapted as the film's screenplay by Oliver Butcher and Stephen Cornwell.[7] The narrative centers around a professor who wakes up from a four-day long coma and sets out to prove his identity after no one recognizes him, including his own wife, and another man claims to be him.
Unknown Caller
Released in the United States on February 18, 2011, the film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $136 million against its $30 million budget.
Plot[edit]
Dr. Martin Harris and his wife Liz arrive in Berlin for a biotechnology summit. At their hotel, Harris realizes he left his briefcase at the airport and takes a taxi to retrieve it. The taxi is involved in an accident and crashes into the Spree, knocking him unconscious. The driver rescues him but flees the scene. Harris regains consciousness at a hospital after being in a coma for four days.
When Harris returns to the hotel, he discovers his wife with another man. She says this man is her husband and declares she does not know Harris. The police are called, and Harris attempts to call a colleague named Rodney Cole, to no avail. He writes down his schedule for the next day from memory. When he visits the office of Prof. Leo Bressler, whom he is scheduled to meet, 'Dr. Harris' is already there. As Harris attempts to prove his identity, 'Harris' provides identification and a family photo, both of which have his face. Overwhelmed by the identity crisis, Harris loses consciousness and awakens back at the hospital. Smith, apparently an assassin sent to target Harris, kills Gretchen Erfurt, Harris's attending nurse, but Harris escapes.
Harris seeks help from Erfurt's friend, private investigator and former Stasi agent Ernst Jürgen. Harris's only clues are his father's book on botany and Gina, the taxi driver, a Bosnian illegal who has been working at a diner since the crash. While Harris persuades her to help him, Jürgen researches Harris and the biotechnology summit, discovering it is to be attended by Prince Shada of Saudi Arabia. The prince is funding a secret project headed by Bressler, and has survived numerous assassination attempts. Jürgen suspects that the identity theft might be related.
Harris and Gina are attacked in her apartment by Smith and another assassin, Jones; they escape after Gina kills Smith. Harris finds that Liz has written a series of numbers in his book, numbers that correspond to words found on specific pages. Using his schedule, Harris confronts Liz alone; she tells him that he left his briefcase at the airport. Meanwhile, Jürgen receives Cole at his office and reveals his findings about a secret assassination group known as Section 15. Jürgen soon deduces that Cole is a former mercenary and member of the group. Knowing Cole is there to kill him and with no way of escape, Jürgen commits suicide to protect Harris.
After retrieving his briefcase, Harris parts ways with Gina. When she sees him kidnapped by Cole and Jones, she steals a taxi and follows them. When Harris awakes, Cole explains that 'Martin Harris' is just a cover name created by Harris. His head injury caused him to believe the cover persona was real; when Liz notified Cole of the injury, 'Harris' was activated as his replacement. Gina runs over Jones before he can kill Harris, then rams Cole's van, killing him as well. After Harris finds a hidden compartment in his briefcase containing two Canadian passports, he remembers that he and Liz were in Berlin three months earlier to plant a bomb in Prince Shada's suite.
Now aware of his own role in the assassination plot, Martin seeks to redeem himself by thwarting it. Hotel security immediately arrests Martin and Gina, but Martin proves his earlier visit to the hotel. Install mac os x lion app download. After security is convinced of the bomb's presence, they evacuate the hotel.
Harris realizes that Section 15's target is not Prince Shada. It is Bressler, who has developed a genetically modified breed of corn capable of surviving harsh climates. Liz accesses Bressler's laptop and steals the data. With Bressler's death and the theft of his research, billions of dollars would fall into the wrong hands. Seeing that the assassination attempt has been foiled, Liz tries and fails to disarm the bomb before it explodes. Harris kills 'Harris', the last remaining Section 15 assassin, before he can murder Bressler. While Bressler announces that he is giving his project to the world for free, Harris and Gina—with new identities—board a train together.
Cast[edit]
- Liam Neeson as Dr. Martin Harris
- Diane Kruger as Gina
- January Jones as Elizabeth 'Liz' Harris
- Aidan Quinn as Martin B
- Frank Langella as Professor Rodney Cole
- Bruno Ganz as Ernst Jürgen, a former Stasi operative
- Sebastian Koch as Professor Bressler
- Stipe Erceg as Jones
- Olivier Schneider as Smith
- Rainer Bock as Herr Strauss (chief of hotel security)
- Mido Hamada as Prince Shada
- Karl Markovics as Dr. Farge
- Eva Löbau as Nurse Gretchen Erfurt
- Clint Dyer as Biko
Many German actors were cast for the film. Bock had previously starred in Inglourious Basterds (which also starred Diane Kruger) and The White Ribbon. Other cast includes Adnan Maral as a Turkish taxi driver and Petra Schmidt-Schaller as an immigration officer. Kruger herself is also German, despite playing a non-German character.
Production[edit]
Friedrichstraße, Berlin, is the scene of a car chase
Oberbaumbrücke, from which the taxi plunges into the river
Principal photography took place in early February 2010 in Berlin, Germany, and in the Studio Babelsberg film studios.[6] The bridge the taxi plunges from is the Oberbaumbrücke. The Friedrichstraße was blocked for several nights for the shooting of a car chase. Some of the shooting was done in the Hotel Adlon. Locations include the Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Berlin Friedrichstraße station, Pariser Platz, Museum Island, the Oranienburger Straße in Berlin and the Leipzig/Halle Airport.[8] According to Andrew Rona, the budget was $40 million.[9] Producer Joel Silver's US company Dark Castle Entertainment contributed $30 million.[10] German public film funds supported the production with €4.65 million (more than $6 million).[11] The working title was Unknown White Male.
Unknown
Release[edit]
Unknown was screened out of competition at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival.[12] It was released in the United States on February 18, 2011.
Critical response[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, the film has an approval rating of 55% based on 200 reviews; the average rating is 5.81/10. The site's critical consensus reads, 'Liam Neeson elevates the proceedings considerably, but Unknown is ultimately too derivative – and implausible – to take advantage of its intriguing premise.'[13] On Metacritic the film has an average weighted score of 56 out of 100, based on 38 critics, indicating 'mixed or average reviews'.[14] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of 'B+' on an A+ to F scale.[15]
Richard Roeper gave the film a B+ and wrote, 'At times, Unknown stretches plausibility to the near breaking point, but it's so well paced and the performances are so strong and most of the questions are ultimately answered. This is a very solid thriller.'[16] Justin Chang of Variety called it 'an emotionally and psychologically threadbare exercise'.[17]
Box office[edit]
Unknown grossed $63.7 million in North America and $72.4 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $136.1 million.
It finished a number one opening at its first week of release with $21.9 million.[18]
References[edit]
- ^ abcd'Unknown (2011)'. AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
- ^ abcd'Unknown (EN) [Original title]'. LUMIERE. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ^Unknown at Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2013-04-12.
- ^40 million according to Andrew Rona at Berlinale press conference, Friday 18 February 2011. See 'Video Press Conference' at Berlinale web site after 30 minutes. Retrieved 2013-04-12.
- ^Unknown at The Numbers. Retrieved 2013-04-12.
- ^ ab'Unknown White Male Starts Principal Photography'. MovieWeb.com. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
- ^Dargis, Manohla (2011-02-17). 'Me, My Doppelgänger and a Dunk in the River'. The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
- ^'Unknown Shooting in Berlin'. EmanuelLevy.com. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
- ^Andrew Rona at Berlinale press conference, 18 February 2011. See 'Press Conference' video at Berlinale web site after 30 minutes. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
- ^Fritz, Ben; Kaufman, Amy (17 February 2011). 'Movie Projector: 'I Am Number Four' to be No. 1 at holiday weekend box office [Updated]'. Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
- ^'Unknown Identity'. MediaBiz.de. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
- ^'The 'Competition' of the 61st Berlinale'. Berlinale.de. 18 January 2011. Archived from the original on 22 January 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
- ^'Unknown (2011)'. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^'Unknown reviews'. Metacritic. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
- ^'Unknown–CinemaScore'. cinemascore.com. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
- ^Roeper, Richard (2011). 'Richard Roeper's Reviews - Unknown Review'. YouTube. Reelz Channel. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^'Unknown'. Variety. 15 February 2011.
- ^'Unknown' Helps French Cinema Have an Identity Abroad in 2011'. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
External links[edit]
- Unknown on IMDb
- Unknown at AllMovie
- Unknown at Box Office Mojo
- Unknown at Rotten Tomatoes
- Unknown at Metacritic
- Unknown at The Numbers
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unknown_(2011_film)&oldid=976446417'
Cancer starts when cells begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can spread to other areas. Cancers often spread from their primary site (the part of the body where the cancer started) to one or more metastatic sites (other parts of the body). Cancers are named based on their primary site, regardless of where in the body they spread. For example, a lung cancer that spreads to the liver is still classified as lung cancer and not as liver cancer.
Sometimes it’s not clear where a cancer may have started. When cancer is found in one or more metastatic sites but the primary site cannot be determined, it is called a cancer of unknown primary (CUP) or an occult primary cancer. This happens in a small portion of cancers.
Further tests may eventually find the primary site of some of these cancers. When this happens, they are no longer considered a cancer of unknown primary and are renamed and treated according to where they started.
As an example, a person has an enlarged lymph node on the side of their neck. When it is removed, cancer is found. But under the microscope it does not look like a cancer that normally starts in lymph nodes. At this point it might be considered a cancer of unknown primary. The way it looks under the microscope might suggest that the cancer started in the mouth, throat, or voice box (larynx). When this area is examined, a small cancer of the larynx might be found. From then on, the patient is said to have laryngeal cancer rather than a cancer of unknown primary and will get treated for that type of cancer.
In many cases, the source of the cancer is never determined. The most thorough search still might not find the primary site. Even when doctors do autopsies on people who have died of cancer of unknown primary, they are often still unable to find the site where the cancer started.
The main reason to look for the primary site of a CUP is to guide treatment. Since a cancer that starts in one place needs the same treatments when it spreads, knowing where a cancer started tells the doctor what types of treatments to use. This is especially important for certain cancers that respond well to specific chemotherapy or hormone drugs. When the types of cancer that respond best to treatment have been ruled out by tests, it usually becomes less important to find the exact origin or cancer type.
But even if the primary site is not known, treatment can still be successful. How the cancer cells look under the microscope, the results of lab tests, and information about which organs it has already affected can help doctors predict what kinds of treatment might be helpful.
To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer?
General cancer types
Cancers are classified by their primary site. They can also be grouped by the types of cells in them, how the cancer cells look under the microscope, and on results of certain lab tests on the cells. Knowing the type of cell might give doctors a clue as to where the cancer started. When the cancer cells closely resemble normal cells of the organ where they start, the cancer is called well differentiated. When the cells do not look much like normal cells, the cancers are called poorly differentiated. Cancers of unknown primary are often poorly differentiated.
Carcinomas
A carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the cells that line the inside or outside of a body organ. These cells are called epithelial cells. There are different types of carcinomas, depending on how the cancer cells look when seen with a microscope. The most common types are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
Squamous cell cancers
Cancers formed by flat cells that look like cells normally found on the surface of the skin or the linings of certain organs are called squamous cellcancers orsquamous cell carcinomas. Squamous cell cancers can start in the mouth, throat, esophagus, lungs, anus, cervix, vagina, and some other organs.
Adenocarcinomas
Cancers that develop from gland cells (cells that secrete a substance) are called adenocarcinomas. Gland cells are found in many organs of the body, including some that are not usually thought of as glands. For example, most cancers in the stomach, intestines, and colon are adenocarcinomas. About 4 of 10 lung cancers are adenocarcinomas. Adenocarcinomas can also develop in many other organs.
Other cancer types
Less common types of cancer can develop from other cell types.
- Lymphomas develop from cells of the immune system found in lymph nodes and several other organs.
- Melanomas develop from cells that produce the skin’s tan or brown color.
- Sarcomas develop from connective tissue cells that usually are present in tendons, ligaments, muscle, fat, bones, cartilage, and related tissues.
- Germ cell tumors can develop in the testes (testicles) in men or the ovaries in women, or in the parts of the body where these organs developed in the fetus.
This list is not intended to include all types of cancers but merely to name the most common ones.
Broad categories of cancers of unknown primary
When first looking at the cancer cells under a microscope, doctors usually classify a cancer of unknown primary (CUP) into 1 of 5 broad categories. Many of these cancers can be better classified later on, after more extensive testing.
Adenocarcinoma
As noted before, these cancers develop from gland cells. They make up about 6 of 10 cases of CUP.
Poorly differentiated carcinoma
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When looking at these cancers under a microscope, there is enough detail to tell that they are carcinomas, but the cells are too irregular to classify them further. These cancers make up about 3 of 10 cases of CUP. On further testing, about 10% of these turn out to be lymphoma, melanoma, or sarcoma.
Squamous cell cancer
Ncplot keygen download. These cancers look like the flat cells on the surface of the skin or the linings of certain organs.
Poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm
These are clearly cancers, but the cells are so abnormal that the doctor can’t tell what type of cell they may have started from. Most of them turn out to be lymphomas, sarcomas, or melanomas. Some turn out to be carcinomas upon further testing.
Neuroendocrine carcinoma
These rare cancers start from cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. This system has cells that are like nerve cells in certain ways and like hormone-makingendocrine cells in other ways. These cells do not form an actual organ like the adrenal or thyroid glands. Instead, they are scattered throughout other organs like the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and lungs. These cancers account for a small number of CUP cases. (Some poorly differentiated cancers are found to be neuroendocrine carcinomas upon further testing.)
Even when doctors don’t know where the cancer started, they do their best to classify the type of cancer. This can help them select the best treatment. Some cancers respond very well to specific treatments, so it is very important to classify the cancer as much as possible. This is best done by looking at the cancer under a microscope and doing special tests in the lab (see Tests for a Cancer of Unknown Primary).
Other types
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Lymphoma often does not have a clear primary site, but it’s not considered a CUP.
Unknown Comics
Although the primary site of a melanoma may not be clear, once a cancer is classified as a melanoma, it’s no longer called a CUP.